Assessment of Reynolds number effects in supersonic turbulent boundary layers
L. Laguarda, S. Hickel, F.F.J. Schrijer, B.W. van Oudheusden (2024)
International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 105: 109234. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2023.109234
Wall-resolved large-eddy simulations (LES) are performed to investigate Reynolds number effects in supersonic turbulent boundary layers (TBLs) at Mach 2.0. The resulting database covers more than a decade of friction Reynolds number Reτ from 242 to 5554, which considerably extends the parameter range of current high-fidelity numerical studies. Reynolds number trends are identified on a variety of statistics for skin-friction, velocity and thermodynamic variables. The efficacy of recent scaling laws as well as compressibility effects are also assessed.
Analysis of improved digital filter inflow generation methods for compressible turbulent boundary layers
L. Laguarda, S. Hickel (2024)
Computers & Fluids 268: 106105. doi: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2023.106105
We propose several enhancements to improve the accuracy and performance of the digital filter turbulent inflow generation technique and assess their efficacy in the context of wall-resolved large-eddy simulations of a compressible turbulent boundary layer.
Assessment of RANS Turbulence Models for Straight Cooling Ducts: Secondary Flow and Strong Property Variation Effects
T. Kaller, A. Doehring, S. Hickel, S.J. Schmidt, N.A. Adams (2021)
Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design 146: 309-321. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_20
We present well-resolved RANS simulations of two generic asymmetrically heated cooling channel configurations, a high aspect ratio cooling duct operated with liquid water at Reb=110 000 and a cryogenic transcritical channel operated with methane at Reb=16 000.
Inertia gravity waves breaking in the middle atmosphere: energy transfer and dissipation tensor anisotropy
T. Pestana, M. Thalhammer, S. Hickel (2020)
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 77: 3193-3210. doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-19-0342.1
We present direct numerical simulations of inertia–gravity waves breaking in the middle–upper mesosphere. We consider two different altitudes, which correspond to the Reynolds number of 28 647 and 114 591 based on wavelength and buoyancy period. While the former was studied by Remmler et al., it is here repeated at a higher resolution and serves as a baseline for comparison with the high-Reynolds-number case.
Prediction capability of RANS turbulence models for asymmetrically heated high-aspect-ratio duct flows
T. Kaller, S. Hickel, N.A. Adams (2020)
AIAA Scitech paper 2020-0354. doi: 10.2514/6.2020-0354
We present well-resolved RANS simulations of a high-aspect-ratio generic cooling duct configuration consisting of an adiabatic straight feed line followed by a heated straight section ending with a 90° bend. The configuration is asymmetrically heated with a temperature difference of ∆T = 40 K. As fluid liquid water is used at a bulk Reynolds number of Reb = 110 000.
Rossby-number effects on columnar eddy formation and the energy dissipation law in homogeneous rotating turbulence
T. Pestana, S. Hickel (2020)
Journal of Fluid Mechanics 885: A7. doi: 10.1017/jfm.2019.976
Two aspects of homogeneous rotating turbulence are quantified through forced direct numerical simulations in an elongated domain, which, in the direction of rotation, is approximately 340 times larger than the typical initial eddy size. First, by following the time evolution of the integral length scale along the axis of rotation ℓ‖, the growth rate of the columnar eddies and its dependence on the Rossby number ??? is determined as ?=3.90exp(−16.72???) for 0.06⩽???⩽0.31, where ? is the non-dimensional growth rate. Second, a scaling law for the energy dissipation rate ?? is sought.
A priori investigations into the construction and the performance of an explicit algebraic subgrid-scale stress model
A.K. Gnanasundaram, T. Pestana, S. Hickel (2019)
11th International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena. TSFP paper 2019-286
We investigate the underlying assumptions of Explicit Algebraic Subgrid-Scale Models (EASSMs) for Large- Eddy Simulations (LESs) through an a priori analysis using data from Direct Numerical Simulations (DNSs) of homogeneous isotropic and homogeneous rotating turbulence. We focus on the performance of three models: the dynamic Smagorinsky (DSM) and the standard and dynamic explicit algebraic models as in Marstorp et al. (2009), here refereed to as SEA and DEA.
A one equation explicit algebraic subgrid-scale stress model
S. Hickel, A.K. Gnanasundaram, T. Pestana (2019)
11th International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena. TSFP paper 2019-275
Nonlinear Explicit Algebraic Subgrid-scale Stress Models (EASSMs) have shown high potential for Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of challenging turbulent flows on coarse meshes. A simplifying assumption made to enable the purely algebraic nature of the model is that the Subgrid-Scale (SGS) kinetic energy production and dissipation are in balance, i.e., P/ε = 1. In this work, we propose an improved EASSM design that does not involve this pre-calibration and retains the ratio P~ε as a space and time dependent variable.
Regime transition in the energy cascade of rotating turbulence
T. Pestana, S. Hickel (2019)
Phys. Rev. E 99, 053103. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.99.053103
Transition from a split to a forward kinetic energy cascade system is explored in the context of rotating turbulence using direct numerical simulations with a three-dimensional isotropic random force uncorrelated with the velocity field. Our parametric study covers confinement effects in high-aspect-ratio domains and a broad range of rotation rates.
Large-eddy simulation of nitrogen injection at trans- and supercritical conditions
H. Müller, C. Niedermeier, J. Matheis, M. Pfitzner, S. Hickel (2016)
Physics of Fluids 28: 015102. doi: 10.1063/1.4937948
Large-eddy simulations (LES) of cryogenic nitrogen injection into a warm environment at supercritical pressure are performed and real-gas thermodynamics models and subgrid-scale (SGS) turbulence models are evaluated. The comparison of different SGS models — the Smagorinsky model, the Vreman model, and the adaptive local deconvolution method — shows that the representation of turbulence on the resolved scales has a notable effect on the location of jet break-up, whereas the particular modeling of unresolved scales is less important for the overall mean flow field evolution. More important are the models for the fluid’s thermodynamic state.
Efficient implicit LES method for the simulation of turbulent cavitating flows
C.P. Egerer, S.J. Schmidt, S. Hickel, N.A. Adams (2016)
Journal of Computational Physics 316: 453-469. doi: 10.1017/10.1016/j.jcp.2016.04.021
We present a numerical method for efficient large-eddy simulation of compressible liquid flows with cavitation based on an implicit subgrid-scale model. Phase change and subgrid-scale interface structures are modeled by a homogeneous mixture model that assumes local thermodynamic equilibrium. Unlike previous approaches, emphasis is placed on operating on a small stencil (at most four cells).
Volume translation methods for real-gas computational fluid dynamics simulations
J. Matheis, H. Müller, C. Lenz, M. Pfitzner, S. Hickel (2016)
Journal of Supercritical Fluids 107: 422-432.
doi: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.10.004
We report on recent developments within the field of real gas thermodynamics models with particular emphasis on volume translation methods for cubic equations of state. On the basis of the generalized form of a cubic equation of state, a mathematical framework for applying volume translations is provided, allowing for an unified and thermodynamically consistent formulation in the context of computational fluid dynamics simulations.
Validation of large-eddy simulation methods for gravity wave breaking
S. Remmler, S. Hickel, M.D. Fruman, U. Achatz (2015)
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72: 3537-3562. doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0321.1
To reduce the computational costs of numerical studies of gravity wave breaking in the atmosphere, the grid resolution has to be reduced as much as possible. Insufficient resolution of small-scale turbulence demands a proper turbulence parameterization in the framework of a large-eddy simulation (LES). We consider three different LES methods—the adaptive local deconvolution method (ALDM), the dynamic Smagorinsky method (DSM), and a naïve central discretization without turbulence parameterization (CDS4)—for three different cases of the breaking of well-defined monochromatic gravity waves.
Finite-volume models with implicit subgrid-scale parameterization for the differentially heated rotating annulus
S. Borchert, U. Achatz, S. Remmler, S. Hickel, U. Harlander, M. Vincze, K.D. Alexandrov, F. Rieper, T. Heppelmann, S.I. Dolaptchiev (2014)
Meteorologische Zeitschrift 23: 561-580. doi: 10.1127/metz/2014/0548
The differentially heated rotating annulus is a classical experiment for the investigation of baroclinic flows and can be regarded as a strongly simplified laboratory model of the atmosphere in mid-latitudes. Data of this experiment, measured at the BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, are used to validate two numerical finite-volume models (INCA and cylFloit) which differ basically in their grid structure.
Subgrid-scale modeling for implicit Large Eddy Simulation of compressible flows and shock turbulence interaction
S. Hickel, C.P. Egerer, J. Larsson (2014)
Physics of Fluids 26: 106101. doi: 10.1063/1.4898641
Spectral eddy viscosity of stratified turbulence
S. Remmler, S. Hickel (2014)
Journal of Fluid Mechanics 755, R6. doi: 10.1017/jfm.2014.423
The spectral eddy viscosity (SEV) concept is a handy tool for the derivation of large-eddy simulation (LES) turbulence models and for the evaluation of their performance in predicting the spectral energy transfer. We compute this quantity by filtering and truncating fully resolved turbulence data from direct numerical simulations (DNS) of neutrally and stably stratified homogeneous turbulence. The results qualitatively confirm the plateau–cusp shape, which is often assumed to be universal, but show a strong dependence on the test filter size. Increasing stable stratification not only breaks the isotropy of the SEV but also modifies its basic shape, which poses a great challenge for implicit and explicit LES methods. We find indications that for stably stratified turbulence it is necessary to use different subgrid-scale (SGS) models for the horizontal and vertical velocity components. Our data disprove models that assume a constant positive effective turbulent Prandtl number.
Direct and large-eddy simulation of stratified turbulence
S. Remmler, S. Hickel (2012)
International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 35: 13-24. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2012.03.009
Simulations of geophysical turbulent flows require a robust and accurate subgrid-scale turbulence modeling. To evaluate turbulence models for stably stratified flows, we performed direct numerical simulations (DNSs) of the transition of the three-dimensional Taylor–Green vortex and of homogeneous stratified turbulence with large-scale horizontal forcing.
Spectral structure of stratified turbulence: Direct Numerical Simulations and predictions by Large Eddy Simulation
S. Remmler, S. Hickel (2013)
Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics 27: 319-336. doi: 10.1007/s00162-012-0259-9
Density stratification has a strong impact on turbulence in geophysical flows. Stratification changes the spatial turbulence spectrum and the energy transport and conversion within the spectrum. We analyze these effects based on a series of direct numerical simulations (DNS) of stratified turbulence.
Wall modeling for implicit large-eddy simulation and immersed-interface methods
Z.L. Chen, S. Hickel, A. Devesa, J. Berland, N.A. Adams (2013)
Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics 28: 1-21. doi: 10.1007/s00162-012-0286-6
We propose and analyze a wall model based on the turbulent boundary layer equations (TBLE) for implicit large-eddy simulation (LES) of high Reynolds number wall-bounded flows in conjunction with a conservative immersed-interface method for mapping complex boundaries onto Cartesian meshes. Both implicit subgrid-scale model and immersed-interface treatment of boundaries offer high computational efficiency for complex flow configurations.
On the evolution of dissipation rate and resolved kinetic energy in ALDM simulations of the Taylor-Green flow
S. Hickel, N.A. Adams, J.A. Domaradzki (2010)
Journal of Computational Physics 229: 2422-2423. doi: 10.1016/j.jcp.2009.11.017
We correct a data processing error in the article “Construction of explicit and implicit dynamic finite difference schemes and application to the large-eddy simulation of the Taylor–Green vortex” by Dieter Fauconnier, Chris De Langhe and Erik Dick published in the Journal of Computational Physics 228 (2009), pp. 8053–8084.